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Greedy corporations, uncaring hospitals, individual miscreants, and a task force led by Jared Kushner were dinged Tuesday in the 's annual , a list of the top 10 worst offenders for 2020.

Named after the entrepreneur who unapologetically raised the price of an anti-parasitic drug by a factor of 56 in 2015 (now serving a federal prison term for unrelated crimes), the list of shame calls out what Vikas Saini, the institute's CEO, called "pandemic profiteers." (Lown bills itself as "a nonpartisan think tank advocating bold ideas for a just and caring system for health.")

Topping the list was the federal government itself and Jared Kushner, President's Trump's son-in-law, who led a personal protective equipment (PPE) procurement task force. The effort, called , was to "airlift PPE from overseas and bring it to the U.S. quickly," which it did.

"But rather than distribute the PPE to the states, FEMA gave these supplies to six private medical supply companies to sell to the highest bidder, creating a bidding war among the states," Saini said. Though these supplies were supposed to go to designated pandemic hotspots, "no officials from the 10 hardest hit counties" said they received PPE from Project Airbridge. In fact, federal agencies outbid states or seized supplies that states had purchased, "making it much harder and more expensive" for states to get supplies, he said.

Number two on the institute's list: vaccine maker Moderna, which to develop its mRNA COVID-19 preventive. It set a price of between $32 and $37 per dose, more than the U.S. agreed to pay for other COVID vaccines. "Although the U.S. has placed an order for $1.5 billion worth of doses at a discount, a price of $15 per dose, given the upfront investment by the U.S. government, we are essentially paying for the vaccine twice," said Lown Institute Senior Vice President Shannon Brownlee.

Webcast panelist Don Berwick, MD, former acting administrator for the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, noted that a lot of work went into producing the vaccine at an impressive pace, "and if there's not an immune breakout, we're going to be very grateful that this happened." But, he added, "I mean, how much money is enough? Maybe there needs to be some real sense of discipline and public spirit here that goes way beyond what any of these companies are doing."

In third place: four California hospital systems that refused to take COVID-19 patients or delayed transfers from hospitals that were out of beds. found that these refusals or delays were based on the patients' ability to pay; many were on Medicaid or were uninsured.

"In the midst of such a pandemic, to continue that sort of behavior is mind boggling," said Saini. "This is more than the proverbial wallet biopsy."

The remaining seven offenders:

4. Poor nursing homes decisions, especially in western Massachusetts, that worsened an already terrible situation. At Soldiers' Home, management decided to combine the COVID-19 unit with a dementia unit because they were low on staff, said Brownlee. That allowed the virus to spread rapidly, killing 76 residents and staff as of November. Roughly one-third of all COVID-19 deaths in the U.S. have been in long-term care facilities.

5. Pharmaceutical giants AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, and Johnson & Johnson, which , instead deciding to "compete for their profits instead," Saini said. The envisioned technology access pool would have made participants' discoveries openly available "to more easily develop and distribute coronavirus treatments, vaccines, and diagnostics."

Saini added that he was was most struck by such an attitude of "historical blindness or tone deafness" at a time when the pandemic is roiling every single country.

Berwick asked rhetorically, "What would it be like if we were a world in which a company like Pfizer or Moderna, or the next company that develops a really great breakthrough, says on behalf of the well-being of the human race, we will make this intellectual property available to anyone who wants it?"

6. Elizabeth Nabel, MD, CEO of Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, because she in an op-ed, without disclosing that she sat on Moderna's board. In that capacity, she received $487,500 in stock options and other payments in 2019. The value of those options quadrupled on the news of Moderna's successful vaccine. She sold $8.5 million worth of stock last year, after its value nearly quadrupled. She resigned from Moderna's board in July and, it was announced Tuesday, to join a biotech company founded by her husband.

7. Hospitals that punished clinicians for "scaring the public," , because they "insisted on wearing N95 masks and other protective equipment in the hospital," said Saini. Hospitals also fired or threatened to fire clinicians for speaking out on COVID-19 safety issues, such as the lack of PPE and long test turnaround times.

Webcast panelist Mona Hanna-Attisha, MD, the Flint, Michigan, pediatrician who exposed the city's water contamination, said that healthcare workers "have really been abandoned in this administration" and that the federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration "has pretty much fallen asleep at the wheel." She added that workers in many industries such as meatpacking and poultry processing "have suffered tremendously from not having the protections or regulations in place to protect [them]."

8. Connecticut internist Steven Murphy, MD, who ran COVID-19 testing sites for several towns, but conducted such as screening for 20 other respiratory pathogens. He also charged insurers $480 to provide results over the phone, leading to total bills of up to $2,000 per person.

"As far as I know, having an MD is not a license to steal, and this guy seemed to think that it was," said Brownlee.

9. Those "pandemic profiteers" who hawked . Among them: televangelist Jim Bakker sold "Silver Solution," containing colloidal silver, and the "MyPillow Guy," Mike Lindell, for his boostering for .

"Colloidal silver has no known health benefits and can cause seizures and organ damage. Oleandrin is a biological extract from the oleander plant and known for its toxicity and ingesting it can be deadly," said Saini.

Others named by the Lown Institute include , MD -- now under indictment -- who ran the "Skinny Beach Med Spa" in San Diego which sold so-called COVID treatment packs containing hydroxychloroquine, antibiotics, Xanax, and Viagra, all for $4,000.

Berwick commented that such schemes indicate a crisis of confidence in science, adding that without facts and science to guide care, "patients get hurt, costs rise without any benefit, and confusion reigns, and COVID has made that worse right now."

Brownlee mentioned the "huge play" that hydroxychloroquine received and the FDA's recent record as examples of why confidence in science has eroded.

10. Two private equity-owned companies that provide physician staffing for hospitals, that cut doctors' pay during the first COVID-19 wave while simultaneously spending millions on political ads to protect surprise billing practices. And the same companies also received millions in COVID relief funds under the CARES Act.

Berwick said surprise billing by itself should receive a deputy Shkreli award, "as out-of-pocket costs to patients have risen dramatically and even worse during the COVID pandemic... and Congress has failed to act. It's time to fix this one."

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