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Druggable oncogene-driven non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has led to innovative systemic treatment options, improving patients' outcome. This benefit is not only achieved in the metastatic setting but also in the postsurgical setting, such as in lung cancers harboring a common sensitizing EGFR mutation or ALK-rearrangement.

To enhance the outcome of these patients, we need to understand the mechanisms of acquired resistance and evaluate the role of new drugs with novel mechanisms of action in the treatment landscape.

In this chapter, we review treatment strategies of EGFR-mutant tumors in all stages, the mechanisms of acquired strategies, and novel therapies in this subset.

The management of EGFR-mutant NSCLC has evolved swiftly in recent years across the stages, translating into improved survival outcomes for patients and paving the way for other oncogene drivers. Despite these successes, many challenges remain including individualizing treatment recommendations and refining patient selection, ideally using biomarker-informed approaches.

Future studies should also evaluate strategies to minimize treatment toxicities such that patients not only live longer but also live better.

Read a Q&A related to the review here.